Manmade disaster categories are defined by which pair?

• A. Natural disasters
• B. Terrorism, violence
• C. Public health emergencies
• D. Economic crises

Answer: (B)

Disasters are categorized by their source: natural versus human-caused. Manmade disasters are events that arise from human actions or intent. The pair that best fits this category is terrorism and violence because terrorism is deliberate harm driven by human intent, and broader violence encompasses conflicts and mass-casualty events driven by people. This distinguishes manmade disasters from natural disasters (like floods or earthquakes) and from other terms that aren’t exclusive to human-caused harm, such as public health emergencies (which can be natural outbreaks or engineered threats) or economic crises (which describe economic conditions rather than the specific human-caused events that create disaster situations).