Stage II includes which of the following actions?

• A. Developing and pretesting concepts, messages, and materials
• B. Select appropriate communication channels
• C. Identify barriers to learning
• D. Identify learning styles

Answer: (A)

Stage II is about turning research into actual communication and testing it with the people you’re trying to reach. It emphasizes developing concepts, crafting messages, and creating materials, then pretesting them to ensure they’re clear, culturally appropriate, and engaging before they’re distributed. Pretesting helps catch wording that's confusing, tone that misses the audience, or content that won’t resonate, so you can revise to maximize understanding and impact.

Choosing channels is typically handled after the messages are solid, during dissemination planning, because you need to know what you’re saying before deciding where to say it. Identifying barriers to learning and learning styles relate more to initial audience analysis and formative research done earlier, not to the stage focused on producing and testing messages and materials.