Which of the following is a hydrological disaster?

• A. Earthquakes
• B. Floods
• C. Storms
• D. Drought

Answer: (B)

Hydrological disasters involve water in the landscape—either too much or too little—driving the hazard. Floods fit this category best because they are caused by an abrupt, excessive amount of surface water from heavy rainfall, river overflow, or rapid snowmelt, leading to widespread inundation. This water movement damages infrastructure, homes, crops, and can contaminate drinking water, often with immediate and severe impacts. Drought is also water-related but stems from prolonged shortage rather than a sudden inundation, earthquakes are geological, and storms are atmospheric/meteorological events; the rapid, water-centric disruption that floods cause makes them the clear hydrological disaster here.