Which option is NOT listed as one of the four characteristics of disasters?

• A. Preparedness
• B. Frequency
• C. Predictability
• D. Mitigation

Answer: (A)

Disasters are described by properties that reflect the event itself and its potential impact, such as how often these events occur in a given area (frequency) and how well we can foresee them (predictability). The other key term typically linked to reducing harm is mitigation, which refers to actions taken to lessen the severity of impacts. Preparedness, on the other hand, is about readiness before a disaster strikes—planning, training, and stockpiling resources to respond effectively. Since preparedness describes preparation activities rather than an inherent attribute of the disaster event, it is not listed among the four characteristics of disasters. The other options describe patterns or potential impacts of the event itself, which is why they fit as the listed characteristics.