Which statement best defines an indirect victim?

• A. May be a family member or friend of the victim or a first responder
• B. The immediate victim
• C. A person who has fled their home due to famine
• D. A refugee

Answer: (A)

Indirect victims are people who are affected by a crisis through their relationship to the harmed person or through their role in the response, rather than being harmed themselves. The statement that best defines this is that they may be a family member or friend of the victim or a first responder, because both groups experience secondary impact—emotional distress, concern, or burnout—without being the direct target of the trauma. The immediate victim is the person who suffers the harm firsthand. Fleeing famine and being a refugee describe displacement linked to broader circumstances, not the secondary impact on someone close to the event.